Questions On The World Trade Center Terror Attacks

Conspiracy Theory Inquiry Proposal Name: Kyle Dahya Form: 12DB Conspiracy Event: 9/11 US World Trade Centre Terror Attacks Possible focusing questions which will guide my inquiry are: 1. What is the official story that surrounds the events on the day of the 9/11 attacks? 2. What are some of the main conspiracy theories that revolve around 9/11? 3. Which of the accounts seem to the most plausible and why is that account more plausible than the other? 4. What significance does the events surrounding 9/11, and the connected conspiracy theories have on the wider world, including New Zealanders and why do they have significance? POSSIBLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION TYPE OF INFORMATION EXPECTED Website: Official History Channel Website: 9/11 Attacks. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2015, from http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks From this source, I would expect a detailed overview of the events that took place on 9/11, from the first plane crashing into the north tower to the pentagon crash, with every detail being presented in 20-30 minute increments. The contents of this website would most likely be relevant to question 1, quite possibly questions 3 and 4 as it explains in detail the events that took place that day and the aftermath of the event with little to no bias. This is a source that I would find as useful and reliable. Online News Article: Journalists opinion of 9/11 conspiracy: Six really stupid 9/11 conspiracies debunkedShow MoreRelatedThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1388 Words   |  6 Pages(Beauchamp 1). This terror group is named the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria., or in short, ISIS. Three years ago, ISIS did not exist but now it controls parts of Iraq and Syria and has made its own state. Terror organizations like al-Qaeda are merely terrorists groups while ISIS has captured and created their own state. ISIS is a well developed organization that has shown their handiwork repeatedly on social media and YouTube (Khedery 1). ISIS is much more developed than most terror groups in thatRead MoreThe United States Intervention With Terrorism1081 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism, in a modern day perspective, has been molded as a Middle Eastern threat to Western Civilization; although the whole idea of terrorism itself has existed for ages. Undoubtedly, â€Å"The War on Terror,† is a western form of saying to depict the general aspect of terror ism. Through all aspects of the world, terrorism, is defined as an act of unruly and warlike tactics that mainly creates harm to civilians. Usually, these acts of violence are not simply for the use of harming citizens, but to voiceRead MoreThe September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America: The Division of Nations and Views1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America divided two nations, yet knit one closer like the attacks on Pearl Harbor. There were many events that lead up to 9/11 that were only the beginning. The attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 was the finale. George Bush wrote in his diary, â€Å"The Pearl Harbor of the 21st century happened today†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (George Bush). This attack was a surprise, just like Pearl Harbor, but the U.S. reacted swiftly and effectively. The appalling events Now, more than aRead MoreConspiracy Theories Around 9-111460 Words   |  6 PagesThe worst terrorist attack in U.S history occurred on Sept ember 11, 2001. According to U.S government officials, nineteen men hijacked four fuel-loaded commercial planes with the intent to destroy the World Trade Center in New York City, as well as both the Pentagon and the White House in Washington D.C. The attacks began at 8:46am ET when American Airline’s Flight 11 struck the North tower of the World Trade Center, causing chaos on the streets below. Not even twenty minutes later, another commercialRead MoreWar On Terror, By Patrick Coaty1249 Words   |  5 PagesWar On Terror In the book War on Terror, by Patrick Coaty discusses issues that reference to terrorism. His main focus was the attack on 9/11 the terrorism issue has been more aware to the public on how dangerous it can be. According to Coaty terrorism was formed during the ending of the revolutionary France by the Jacobins they thought it was â€Å"cleanse† that it would take away all evil (Coaty 84) . The concept of terrorism was a form of have â€Å"power† over people a legitimate system was used to fearRead More News Coverage of September 11th, 2001 Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pages The attack that occurred on September 11th, 2001 on the World Trade Center in New York City is an event that lingers in the minds of many Americans and other people throughout the world. Most people can recall exactly where they were and whom they were with when they first heard about the airplanes crashing into the towers. It was a day that changed the way people looked at the world and brought to light the realities that even the wealthiest and most military advanced country was not safe fromRead MoreThe Events of Septemeber 11th, 2011: 9/11 Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesOn September 11th, 2001, the Islamic Extremist group, Al-Qaeda, had sent 20 terrorists to hijack three airliner jets to crash into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. A fourth jet was on route to the white house, but it crashed in the fields of Pennsylvania. Over three thousand people were killed during this tragic event. This major world event is referred as 9/11, which resulted in a major crackdown on terro rism. Jennifer Caverly, an 11th grade math teacher, thought 9/11 was a terrifying eventRead More Sept 11 2001 Attacks and Cover Up Essay example1199 Words   |  5 PagesSept 11 2001 Attacks Throughout history there have occurred many tragic events. On Sept. 11, 2001 an unforgettable event occurred, and will be remember throughout the ages of the United States history. On the tragic day of 9/11 a day that will be unforgettable, the unthinkable happened. The terror stuck the heart of New York City, two planes crashed into the world trade center and total chaos occurred, and lives where lost, and many injured. The terror didn’t end there, other plane hit TheRead MoreNo American Of The Right Age Bracket Will Forget What Happened1647 Words   |  7 Pagesand the government sponsored investigations of 9/11. There have been questions brought out like â€Å" Why did Bush knock down the towers?†. With the United States being known for using their national security as a benefit to con people into being afraid of someone or something and promise protection or emphasize the fact that they will catch or get rid the â€Å"Bad Guy†, it can seem questionable on the real â€Å"terrorist† behind the attacks of 9/11. Was this more propaganda to keep citizens under governmentsRead MoreReflection Of The 9 / 11 Dispute1065 Words   |  5 PagesJose Torres Dr. Becker English 111 Final Draft Due: September 2, 2015 Reflection of the 9/11 Dispute September 11, 2001 was a date where the world would change forever. In the morning of September 11, 2001, two full sized 767 Boeing passenger airplanes were hijacked and crashed directly into the admirably tall 110 story buildings at the World Trade Center in New York. The buildings that were damaged early in the morning proceeded to collapse at free fall speed immediately after the impact of each

Evaluate the effectiveness of speech, language and...

EMPY 5 1.1 Explain each of the terms: speech, language, communication, speech , language and communication needs. Speech , language and communication are closely tied to other areas of development, this learning outcome requires you to understand and be able to explain links between speech and development and the likely impact of any difficulties that children may have in acquiring speech, communication and language. Some children may not be able to understand the words being spoken to them and/or the grammatical rules of sentence construction. Therefore, when their teacher tells the class what they need to do, or explains a new idea or concept,9 they may struggle to understand what is being said. Having inappropriate vocabulary is†¦show more content†¦For example, A child might see that leaves are falling off tress and get told that this is because it is autumn. The child might then see more leaves falling off a tree. She may remember and make a connection between what she saw earlier on and what she is seeing now. The work autumn may also remember and so she might point and say proudly to the adult with her. ‘ Look those leaves are falling too! Is that because its autumn?’ Later on in that day while having tea, she may tell her mother that in the park leaves are falling off the trees because it is autumn. This example illustrates the way in which for learning to take place, the child has to remember what they have seen earlier, make connections to what they are now seeing or hearing and then come to some conclusion. The ability of the child to ‘label’ it as autumn will help her enormously and she is likely from this point on to notice falling leaves and make the association over and over again. She can also talk and think about ‘ autumn’ without needing to be in the park. At this point we can begin to understand the limitations of body language, facial expression and gesture when language is not available. Although they allow for instant communication they cannot help a child to understand what is being seen or provide a way in which afterwards the child can communicate what she has seen. This means that children who only have the basic communication skills of body language, gesture and facialShow MoreRelatedInclusion And Requirements Of The Areas Of Learning And Development1534 Words   |  7 Pagesoutcomes for children that form part of the relevant early year’s framework. Documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early years framework: Desired outcomes for children and young people as in the required framework for early years provision within the Foundation Phase are the following: †¢ Personal and social development, well being and cultural diversity outcomes. This documented outcome is at the heart of the Foundation Phase. In our setting we provide children with opportunitiesRead More An Overview of Selective Mutism Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesmutism† in 1983 to describe the disorder previously called â€Å"aphasia voluntaria, elective mutism, speech phobia, psychological mutism, and hearing mute† among fourteen other historic terms (Dow, Freeman, Garcia, Leonard, Miller, 2004; Kearney, 2010). The American Psychiatric Association, or APA, characterizes selective mutism by a â€Å"persistent failure to speak in specific social situations where speech is expected, despite speaking in other situations.† Selective mutism shifted in recent years fromRead MoreUnit 0681949 Words   |  8 Pagesterms: * Speech- Is the vocalised language in which people do. * Language- Is a way in which you communicate with words or set of symbols that can be spoken, written or signed. * Communication-Is a way of sending signals to another person this includes facial expressions, body language, language, and gesture. * Speech, language and communication needs- Is any difficulty in which the child has in speech, language or communicating. Question 2) Explain how speech, language and communicationRead MoreSupport Children Speech, Language And Communication2199 Words   |  9 Pages Unit 68 – Support children speech, language and communication 1.1 Explain each of the terms; a) Speech b) language c) communication d) speech , language and communication needs . For this assignment I will be explaining the terms; speech, language, communication – speech, language and communication needs. For the second part I will go into details explaining how the above mentioned terms support children’s and young people’s development and will also describe the potential impactsRead MoreThe Effect Of Telehealth On The Language And Communication Delays That Accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagestelecommunications technology to the delivery of speech language pathology and audiology professional services at a distance by linking clinician to client/patient or clinician to clinician for assessment, intervention, and/or consultation† (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 1997). Healthcare personnel use telehealth practices to treat or assess disorders via technology, such as video or webcams, rather than treating patients face-to-face. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may use this methodRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Level 3 Task Book for Specialist Support for Teaching and Learning in schools Mandatory Units Learner Name: The tasks have been re-written with boxes after each section for you to fill in if that would suit your learning style. Some learners find this helpful. You don’t have to work this way. You can present your tasks in other formats if you wish as long as it demonstrates evidence of the knowledge and understanding. NB: Please ensure that you referRead MoreEvaluating The Effectiveness Of Using Ict For Teaching And Learning. Information Communication Technology ( Ict )1253 Words   |  6 Pages1. Evaluate the effectiveness of using ICT to support teaching and learning. Information communication technology (ICT) helps to learn theoretic development discoveries, treatment and support techniques for education and curriculum. 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It supports everyone to be the best that they can be, it ensures everyone has a voice and puts the young person at the centre of theRead MoreSHC 51 Communication unit of Diploma 5 Essay4787 Words   |  20 Pagesin own role 1.1 Review the range of groups and service users whose communication needs must be addressed in own job role In my role as a Care Coordinator I understand that building a good relationship with staff, service users, their families and health care professionals is one of the most important aspects of my job role. I need to be aware of service user service users preferred methods of communication and also to support them to use it. Service users have the right to communicate throughRead MoreEssay on Level 3 Diploma for Children and Young Peoples Workforce1840 Words   |  8 PagesDevelop Positive Relationship with Children, Young People and Others Involved in Their Care Unit 5 Unit Code: CYP Core 3.5 1. Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people. 1.1 Explain why positive relationships with children and young people are important and how these are built and maintained. Positive relationships are extremely important if you want the child to thrive and grow within your setting. Being a positive role model is essential

Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies Free Essays

Damarcus Fitzhugh Lenore Harris ENG 001B 11/18/2012 In most short stories of the past there have always been Heroes and Villains; good vs. evil. Whether it’s the innocent Hansel and Gretel vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies or any similar topic only for you Order Now the evil cannibalistic witch; authors tended to paint the line separating the two through their uses of certain writing tools. The point Atwood attempts to drive into the reader is women’s naivety and overall downplay of rape. Margaret Atwood, author of Rape Fantasies, relies heavily on Irony and Characterization to get her point across. In the story Estelle, the narrator and main character, shares her rape fantasies along . In all of them she is a victim, later in the story, we find out that the reason she has these thoughts about being raped is so that if she ever is in a situation like one where she might get raped, she wants to be prepared to avoid it and protect herself. This shows an unrealistic and naive view on what rape really is. She imagines the rapist to be the victim instead of her. As mentioned in the text, all the rapists she fantasizes about are victims of some sort of mental or physical trait considered undesirable Atwood uses characterization, specifically in Estelle, with whom she characterizes as condescending, sarcastic and negative at times. She is a young office worker who notes how popular the subject â€Å"Rape† has become in women’s magazines. Estelle is playing a game with her co-workers over their lunch hour, when Chrissy, a woman from Estelle’s office, brings up the topic of rape fantasies. Estelle would rather just continue playing, but instead, the small group of ladies decides to go around the table sharing their own rape fantasies. (1) Darlene, the oldest, and the only divorced women of the group finds these fantasies revolting and ends up turning her back on the other ladies. later she returns, unable to resist the interesting taboo) (1) Chrissy and Sondra are very eager to share their â€Å"rape fantasies† but after they do Estelle informs them that they were not legitimate rape fantasies but merely romantic fantasies; she then describes a story of a man jumping her in a dark alley, or sneaking into her house when she is sick in bed. In all of Estelle’s stories the men are pathetic, lonely individuals who have something â€Å"wrong† with them either mentally or physically. Here we see Estelle victimize the rapist in order to protect herself. She believes she can talk herself out of being raped. After sharing all the rape fantasies the story goes into a deeper monologue and a new light is shed on why Estelle’s fantasies (1) all end the way they do. It is because she feels that after getting to know someone and getting a glimpse of what they think and how they feel there is no way a person would be able to rape the other; this theory contradicts almost every book that says women are usually raped by someone they know. Irony is introduced within the conversations the women have. Moving from woman to woman, Darlene calling the entire thing â€Å"disgusting,† Greta describing a Tarzan-like situation, Chrissy describing hers in a bath, when Estelle, ever the voice of reason, informs them that what they are describing are sexual fantasies: â€Å"Listen . . . those aren’t rape fantasies. I mean, you aren’t getting raped, it’s just some guy you haven’t met formally who happens to be more attractive than Derek Cummins . . and you have a good time, rape is when they’ve got a knife or something and you don’t want to†. (1) Angered, the other women insist that she tell them hers. Content, Estelle then describes her rape fantasy where she deflects her rapist by squirting lemon juice from a plastic bottle in his eyes (â€Å"You should hear the one about the Easy Off Cleaner†), and the one where â€Å"this short, ugly fellow comes up and grabs my ar m . . . I say, â€Å"Oh for Christ sake,’ and he starts to cry,† which prompts a wave of sympathy in Estelle. And there’re more, all with Estelle stopping her attacker through talking to him (â€Å"I’ve just found out I have leukemia†), or talking him out of it. (1) As the story continues, we become aware that Estelle is talking to someone in addition to the reader–â€Å"I hope you don’t mind me holding my nose like this . . . † and that person is probably a man (two times Estelle says, â€Å"But I guess it’s different for a guy†). As the story ends, we realize that Estelle has been in a bar, talking to a man she had just met, she worries about possibly being raped by him. â€Å"Like, how could a fellow do that to a person he’s just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you’re human, you have a life too, I don’t see how they could go ahead with it, right? † (Last Paragraph) We are left wondering whether this entire story is Estelle’s deliberate inventions, her attempt to control a dangerous interaction. Citation Atwood, Margaret. Rape Fantasies. S. l. : S. n. , .. ]. Print. How to cite Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies, Essay examples

Business Law ASIC v Adler Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Law ASIC v Adler. Answer: The brief facts of this case are that in June 2000, HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd. (HIHC) gave an unsecured and undocumented loan of $10 million to Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd (PEE). The latter corporation was controlled by Mr. Adler, the trustee of Australian Equities Unit Trust (AEUT). At the same time, he was also acting as the non-Executive Director through Adler Corporation which was a major shareholder of HIH. After getting this credit, PEE also became a trustee of AEUT. The loan of $10 million given by HIHC to PEE was used for HIHC's subscription for 10 million worth AEUT Units. Then PEE purchase shares of HIH worth $4 million on the stock market when these shares were put up for sale by PEE at the loss of $2 million. These shares of HIH were bought by PEE for creating a false impression in the stock market, among the investors of HIH that the company is doing good. Similarly, various unlisted shares were purchased by PEE in technology and communication corporations from the Adler Corporation at a price of $4 million. However, all this proved to be a total loss investment. The amount of $2 million was given under trust by AEUT to Adler. However these dealings have been carried out without informing the board of the company and without taking the approval of the shareholders. In the same way, there was no disclosure made to the board or to the investment committee of HIH. Under these circumstances, the court held that in this case, there has been a breach of directors duties mentioned in the Corporations Act by Adler, particularly the duty mentioned in section 180, 181, 182 and 183. As a result of this conclusion, it was decided by the court that Adler should be prohibited from acting as a director of a corporation for twenty years. Similarly, Williams and one more director of the company were also banned from acting as the director for 10 years. Apart from it, penalties were also imposed by the court. Therefore, a penalty of $450,000 was impose d on Adler. A similar penalty was imposed on Adler Corporation. Williams had to pay a penalty of $250,000 and in the same way the other director Fodera was required to pay a penalty of $5000. Apart from it, Adler, Adler Corporation and Williams were also ordered by the court to pay a sum of $7,986,402 to HIHC. The facts of ASIC v Adler were not only very exceptional, but they were also very complicated. The reason was that in this case, there was involved a number of breaches of the duties of directors prescribed in the Corporations Act. It also needs to be mentioned that the collapse of HIH was the result of very bad corporate governance. These breach of duties included the breach of section 180, which prescribes the duty to act with care and diligence; section 181 that imposes a duty on the directors to act in good faith; s 181(2), which prescribes the business judgment rule as a defense to the directors; s182 which prohibits the improper use of position by the directors; s183 according to which the directors should refrain from improperly using any information received by them consequently of their position in the corporation and s 260A related with financial assistance (Ford and Austin, 1995). In this case, it was held by Santow J that HIH, and its totally owned subsidiary HIHC, as well as the directors of HIH, Adler, Williams and Fodera were liable for the breach of related party provisions mentioned in Chapter 2E, Corporations Act plus the financial assistance provisions that are present in Part 2J.3 when a loan was given by HIHC to a trust that was under the control of the entities related with Adler and at the same time, some of this money was used for purchasing the shares in HIH. At the same time, the court also found these three directors liable for the breach of their duties as the directors/officers of HIH and HIHC under Division 1, Part 2D.1 regarding their involvement in the above-mentioned intransigence, the buying of shares by the trust in some unlisted Internet and technology companies from the entities that were related with Adler and the loans given by the trust to some other companies that were linked with Adler. In this case, it was held by Santow J. that s208 has been breached by HIH and HIHC due to the reason that the sum of $10 million to PEE can be treated as providing a financial benefit to PEE and also to Adler Corporation and Adler, falling under s229. The court also stated that for the purpose of the exception provided in s210, the terms of the financial benefits cannot be considered an arms length. This conclusion was made, irrespective of the fact whether the initial payment to PEE was made as an unsecured loan or as the resulting trust, as was argued by Adler. Moreover, in the same way, the court held that the subsequent entering into of the trust deed, cannot be treated to be within the arms length exception mentioned in s210 because there were no adequate safeguards in the trust deed in case where a potential conflict of interest was present on the part of Adler and it was considerably one-sided against the company. In this regard, the court stated that the factual evidence produced in the court was in favor of the conclusion that this transaction was performed at the initiative of Adler and also with the concurrence of Williams. As a result, the court concluded that both these directors were liable for the breach of s209(2) as they were involved in bridging the provisions of s208 by HIH and HIHC. Under the circumstances, it was stated by Santow J that on the basis of the evidence presented in this case, it can be said that the other director, Fodera can also be held liable for the breach of s209(2) due to the reason of his involvement in the breach of s. 208 by HIH. The court noted the fact that he had adequate knowledge regarding the essential elements of the breach and the attempts made by him later on to distance himself from the transaction did not alter this position though we tried to refer matters to others. In this case, it was also stated by the court that Adler had breached his duty of care and diligence that has been mentioned in section 180. According to this section, a director or an officer of the company has to use their powers with same care and diligence that any other reasonable person would have used. Apart from being reasonable person test, s180(2) contains the business judgment rule, which can be used by the directors for the purpose of complying with their duty of care and diligence (Farrar and Hannigan, 1998). Therefore, when the directors are going to make a business judgment, it can be considered that they have complied with this duty if the business judgment has been made in good faith and proper purpose and at the same time it is also necessary that the director did not have any personal interest in it (Paterson and Ednie, 1976). On the basis of the facts of this case, the court stated that at that can be held liable for the breach of his duty to exercise care and diligence, because any reasonably careful director in the same position would not have permitted to pay $10 million to PEE that were going to be used for purchasing the shares of HIH. At the same time, the proper corporate procedures and safeguards have been bypassed by Adler. As a result, the court stated that Adler cannot rely upon the protection provided by the business judgment rule. Due to the reason that it was clear that in this case, Adler had a personal interest due to the fact of a significant shareholding in HIH and as a result, it can be said that the business judgment was not made by a very good faith. These facts clearly revealed that the object of Adler. Behind this transaction was to support the share price of HIH. Therefore, in the end, it can be stated that this case needs to be considered in perspective and the debacle caused by the breach of duties by the directors can be explained with the help of agency theory. After all, the directors are also human beings and they have their own aspirations. Therefore, sometimes there can be a conflict of interest with their fiduciary duties. Some of the directors are the founders of the corporation and they have taken great pains to establish the company. As a result, these directors tend to think that they can deal with the crisis, which is faced by them as there is always some crises or other present in the management of a big company. The directors think that we have been successful in steering through these crises in the past also (Austin and Ramsay, 2013). Similarly it is a very difficult decision to take the company through bankruptcy. All the directors are aware of the fact that in its life, the company has faced similar prices on many occasions and their decision to continue with the operations of the company has succeeded in getting out the company from the mess. However, thelaw requires that the companies should pay particular attention to managing this type of risks. For this purpose they should adopt appropriate compliance programs and procedures. In the same way, awareness can also be increased regarding such issues by adopting appropriate training programs (Ford, 1978). For these reasons, it is very important for the company to make sure that it always has good corporate governance. This is an essential director of a company. Good corporate governance allows the company to create trust and confidence among various stakeholders like directors, shareholders and other relevant persons. The value of the company is also increased significantly as a result of good corporate governance and it can sustain the growth of the company. On the other hand, if the company fails to comply with the rules mentioned in the Corporations Act, the company will be held liable under multiple sections of the Act. References Austin R.P. and Ramsay, I.M., 2013, Fords Principles of Corporations Law (LexisNexis Butterworths, 15th ed.) 432 Farrar, John H and Hannigan, B., 1998, Farrars CompanyLaw (Butterworths, 4th ed.) 382 Ford H.A.J., and Austin, R.P., 1995, Ford and Austins Principles of CorporationsLaw (Butterworths, 7th ed.) 262 Ford, H.A.J., 1978, Principles of Company Law (Butterworths, 2nd ed.) 345 Paterson W.E. and Ednie, H.H., 1976, Butterworths, Australian Company Law, vol 2 (2nd ed.)

6858005143500 Essays - Victorias Secret, Clothing, Business, Economy

6858005143500 Sierra Haverfield 03831294 Roy Raymond, a man who was embarrassed to buy lingerie for his wife, founded Victoria's Secret in 1977. Soon to follow was a mail-order catalog and three more stores in the San Francisco area. The first year was very successful, grossing $500,000, however after five years the company was headed for bankruptcy and Roy sold VS to the Limited Brand in 1982. By the 90's, the company was the largest and most successful lingerie company in the U.S. making over one billion dollars annually. Furthermore, the extravagant runways shows have many people working to put them together, however one the most important minds is Todd Thomas, the creative director for the VS Annual Fashion show. He has been working on the design team for 11 years now with the company. (Xu) Today, the headquarters for this massive fashion empire are located in Columbus, Ohio, however the first store was opened in our very own San Francisco back in 1977. (Victoria's Secret) The first store's designs mimicked those of a burlesque costume shop because they were catering to men's fantasies. This was done because Roy Raymond wanted men to feel comfortable buying lingerie for their wives. After the Limited purchased the company in 1982 however, the designs were changed. Now the main store is designed just like the rest of them, pink stripes, classy Victorian design, and friendly sale's associates. The lingerie is displayed on ways and tabletops, with some mannequins even wearing the infamous angel wings. Company Milestones 1963: Leslie H. Wexler founded The Limited Brands in 1963. 1977: Roy Raymond founded the first Victoria's Secret store in San Francisco, CA because he was embarrassed to buy lingerie for his wife. 1977-78: Victoria's Secret grossed $500,000 in its first year of business. 1980: Roy started the mail-order catalog and added four additional stores in the San Francisco area 1982: The Limited Brand bought Victoria's Secret for four million dollars. 1982: Victoria's Secret store and catalogue are purchased for $1 million 1993: Roy Raymond commits suicide by jumping off of the Gold Gate Bridge on August 20th. 1998: Victoria's Secret launched their website, Victoriassecret.com. The website has been profitable since the day that it was created. 1998: "Intimate Beauty Corporation is created to develop and build a portfolio of distinct beauty businesses. Victoria's Secret Beauty is the first brand in its portfolio." (The Limited Brands) 2007: Grace Nichols retired from her position as CEO at Victoria's Secret 2007: Lauri Greeley became CEO of Victoria's Secret. Mark Weikel became president, alongside his title of COO. This same year, the Limited Brands sold The Limited companies, focusing more on Victoria's Secret and PINK because the majority of their profit was coming from there. 2008: Victoria's Secret Pink launched their collegiate collection. 2009: Victoria's Secret created their Facebook page 2009: Victoria's Secret launched their trial for their "Travel and Tourism Stores." These stores were put into airports and different tourist destinations around the world. (The Limited) 2010: Victoria's Secret PINK reaches one billion dollars in sales. 2012: Opened first Victoria's Secret full-assortment stores in London - New Bond Street and Westfield Stratford City. (The Limited) When the idea of Victoria's Secret was born, it came from Roy Raymond, a man too nervous to buy any lingerie for his wife. After five short years, Roy Raymond's business had become so successful that he sold it to Leslie H. Wexler in 1982, the CEO of The Limited Brands. What Raymond did not realize was that this store was only going to getter bigger and become more appealing to just those men who were too scared to go into a lingerie store. Victoria's Secret's target market is now to middle class women, but it attracting high school girls up to older woman as well. Grace Nichols joined the Victoria's Secret team in 1986, and from there the store became one of the top ten most recognized companies. ("History and Background of Victoria's Secret") After Nichols retired in 2007, Lori Greeley took over and is keeping the company moving forward. Greeley has been working for the company since 1989, starting as an Associate Merchandiser of Sleepwear. Greeley quickly moved her way up to vice president of merchandising, and eventually to EVP/GMM of Intimates in 2002. ("Limited Brands, Inc. Announces Executive Appointments") Along side

Power is Everywhere Michael Foucault Essays

Power is Everywhere Michael Foucault Essays Power is Everywhere Michael Foucault Paper Power is Everywhere Michael Foucault Paper Essay Topic: Discipline and Punish the Birth Of the Prison Sociology Michael Foucault (1926 1984) is widely held to be one of the most influential philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century. He achieved this status by offering an alternative currency to the existing liberal and Marxist theories as well as the linguists-based structuralism of some of his contemporaries. His currency was that of power. In 1979 he asserted that Power is everywhere: not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. Power is not an institution, nor a structure, nor a possession. It is the name we give to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.1 Foucault set out the reasoning behind his work on power in The History of Sexuality he remarks that, ... while the human subject is placed in relations of production and of signification, he is equally placed in power relations that are very complex. Now, it seemed to me that economic history and theory provided a good instrument for relations of production and that linguistics and semiotics offered instruments for studying relations of signification, but for power relations we had no tools of study.2 Clearly he felt that the Marxist and structuralist analysis were inadequate and incomplete as a theoretical tool for the areas of life he wanted to examine. He explained further I have been led to address the question of power only to the extent that the political (juridical) analysis of power, which was offered, did not seem to me to account for the finer, more detailed phenomena I wish to evoke when I pose the question of telling the truth about oneself. If I tell the truth about myself, as I am now doing, it is in part that I am constituted as a subject across a number of power relations which are exerted over me and which I exert over others.3 Of the opposing theories it was perhaps Marxism that had the most to lose from Foucaults approach. Whilst Foucault was clearly a key figure in philosophical terms his work has had its detractors. A coherent all-embracing critique is made more difficult by his works somewhat fragmentary character which encompasses a variety of apparently disparate topics.4 Despite this Foucault certainly succeeded in generating a good deal of criticism and controversy particularly following the publication of Discipline and Punish in 1975 (and translated into English in 1977) He seeks to strengthen his standpoint by describing himself as a historian rather than a philosopher and certainly sought to avoid being seen as a political theorist, arguing that his theories are more verifiable as a result. Although as McNay points out historians have rejected Foucaults work for being too philosophical, philosophers for its lack of formal rigour and sociologists for its literary or poetic quality5 It is also true to say that before attempting a critique of his work we should really focus on one given period within the overall corpus. His work travels a great distance from the earliest Mental Illness and Psychology to the later contributions that increasingly saw him making direct interventions into contemporary issues like the death penalty, abortion rights and the Iranian Revolution. For the purposes of this essay Discipline and Punishment and The History of Sexuality can be viewed as the most important when considering whether power is indeed everywhere. In the books Discipline and Punish and The History of Sexuality the expression of the relationship between power and knowledge were examined, which led to studies concerned with the various historical relations between forms of knowledge, and forms of the exercise of power. The overall analysis was a conscious continuation of the work of Nietzsche, who implied that knowledge was associated with the networks of power, that power produced knowledge, that power and knowledge directly implied one another or went together. Foucaults analysis of power implies that it, in itself makes a person who they are. The analysis sums up how it is exercised and by what means. It simply runs through the social body like a network, it produces knowledge, certain gestures and desires and therefore gives us our identities and constitutes us as individuals. Foucault on Power As is stated elsewhere in this essay Foucaults theories relating to power did evolve somewhat during the period he was addressing but it would be useful at this point to look at some of his key power related concepts. Concepts that underline his break from the prevailing Marxist and Liberal philosophies. Here we consider some of the more important concepts. In an interview with Gilles Deleuze in 1972, Foucault said: Its the great unknown at present: who exercises power? And where does he exercise it? Nowadays we know more or less who exploits, where the profit goes, into whose hands it goes and where it is reinvested. But powerwe know very well that it is not those who govern who hold the power. But the notion of ruling class is neither very clear nor very highly developed.6 Here Foucault clearly distances himself from the Marxist perspective that would argue that power is used by the ruling class to govern in their own interests. In all Foucaults theories he attempts to demonstrate that power is everywhere, as Pierre Boncenne puts it in the fibers of our bodies, that everything is reduced down to power. 7 During the interview with Pierre Boncenne in 1978, Foucault was challenged to comment on the notion that whereas the Marxists had reduced everything down to economics he could be criticized for a similar one track approach, this time based on with power. He replied drawing on his work on prisons, Thats an important question for me; power is the problem that has to be resolved. Take an example like the prisons. I want to study the way in which people set about using- and late on in history- imprisonment, rather than banishment or torture, as a punitive method In reality, when we examine how, in the late eighteenth century, it was decided to choose imprisonment as the essential mode of punishment, one sees that is was after all a long elaboration of various techniques that made it possible to locate people, to fix them in precise places In short, it was a form of dressage, thus we see the appearance of garrisons of a type that didnt exist before the end of the seventeenth century; we see the appearance of great workshops, employing hundreds of workers. What developed then, was a whole technique of management.8 He goes onto explain how power relations were exercised. Relationships in society, activities, obedience, goals, and communication all in relation to power. How we value one another and our levels of knowledge. He claims that one should look at power relations as opposed to power itself. Power exists only when it is used. When it is exercised by some on others. Violence is also a relation to power. It can control, dominate, it bends, breaks and destroys, when put into use.9 Unsurprisingly one of Foucault key concepts set out in his book Discipline and Punish is Discipline. For him Discipline may be identified neither with an institution nor with an apparatus; it is a type of power, a modality for its exercise, comprising a whole set of instruments, techniques, procedures, levels of application, targets; it is a physics or an anatomy of power, a technology.10 Discipline is one of the ways that Power can be exercised. He looks at its use within the apparatuses like education, military, medical, industrial and within institutions like prisons and asylums. He refers to it in the context of the disciplinary society. The formation of the disciplinary society is connected with a number of broad historical processes- economic, juridico-political, and lastly, scientific- of which it forms part.11 Setting it a historical context Foucault links the development of the prevailing form of discipline arose from the growth of a capitalist economy that he argues gave rise to the specific modality of disciplinary power, whose general formulas, techniques of submitting forces and bodies, in short, political anatomy, could be operated in the most diverse political regimes, apparatuses and institutions12 Foucault refers to what he calls Panopticism (a term based on a design for a prison produced by Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century. The cells of the prison were grouped around a central viewing tower which Foucault saw as a metaphor for how power and more specifically surveillance works in post modern society and a prime example of the technology of power). The Panoptic on was neither operated by the juridico-political structures nor was it entirely independent of it. Compare this with clarity of the Althusserian ideological superstructure and its direct type of relationship with the economic base. In a representative democracy the representative regime makes it possible, directly or indirectly, with or without relays, for the will of all to form the fundamental authority of sovereignty, the disciplines provide, at the base, a guarantee of the submission of forces and bodies.13 In Discipline and Punish, Foucault claims that the power of normalisation is exercised by our social mechanisms to gain health, knowledge and comfort. We must cease once and for all to describe the effects of power in negative terms: it excludes, it represses, it censors, it abstracts, it masks, it conceals. In fact, power produces: reality; it produces domains of objects and rituals of truth. The individual and the knowledge that may be gained of him belong to this production.14 This normalization is summed up by McNay as a kind of trade of between Government and individual. In Foucaults words, individuals are supplied with a little extra life while the government is supplied with a little extra strength.15 The fact that individuals were resistant to the process of normalization was also an important part of the overall theory. The theory of governmentpermits Foucault to explain how individuals are always resistant to complete incorporation within the normalizing process of subjectification. The idea of the government of individualization denotes, therefore, both the way in which norms are imposed on forms of individuality and the multiplicity of ways in which individuals exceed such constraints16 The full title of his 1975 work (Translated into English in 1977 ) was, in English, Discipline Punish: The Birth of the Prison. The book largely concerned itself with the role and mechanisms within modern western societies penal systems. For Foucault a Prison was a form of the disciplines referred to earlier. It was an institution that alongside military barracks, asylums, schools, hospitals etc. It was a technology of power. Foucault identified from history three distinct ways of organizing the power to punish. Firstly, the most violent was Penal Torture. This was a technology of power that was used as sovereign power. As Smart puts it The punishment was extremely spectacular, violent and ritualistic. Penal torture charted a set of techniques for inflicting pain, injury and in some cases, death! Torture also was used as a means of extracting a confession from the criminal during investigation. The relations of power and truth in the form of penal torture were articulated on the body. Many of these punishments were put into force to make an example of. Even the minor of offences would be punished. Also to encourage gathering crowds to take part by insulting and attacking the criminal.17 Foucault begins his seminal work with a gruesome description of the execution of Damiens, the would be assassin of Louis XV. It turned out to be the last of these most appalling styles of execution drawn and quartered that was reserved for Regicides. Secondly, he identified humanitarian reform that comes as a reaction to the ineffectiveness of the torture based punishments. During the course of the eighteenth century, reformers began to criticise the amount of violence associated with penal torture. Public executions were deemed non-affective in deterring crime so another form of punishment was needed. The reformers desired a more humane and lenient form of punishment. Foucault stated that there was just a different termed tendency towards a more finely tuned justice.18 Finally there was Penal Incarceration the form of punishment that prevailed during the time of his writing. Turning to Foucaults studies on the history of sexuality he seeks to set out the evolution of attitude from the Victorian era to the modern day. It is true that in Victorian times, sex and sexuality was hardly spoken of, there was all pervading prudery and the whole subject of sex was taboo. For Foucault a power of repression was behind the Victorian treatment. It was kept contained within the domestic four walls an unspoken phenomenon. This is where concept of pastoral power comes in. Foucault believed that throughout the ages we as individuals have changed and evolved in the way we see ourselves and others. Christianity plays a role in this. Pastoral power exercises a major influence over our lives. It defines modern societies and economic relations throughout social life. It consists of a set of techniques, rationalities and practices that guide and inform our behaviour. Another concept related to Sexuality was bio-power i.e. power over birth, death and reproduction. The emergence, the expansion and consolidation of bio-power was an element in the development of capitalism. When asked in an interview conducted by Pierre Boncenne, whether Foucault wanted to show that it was more useful for power to admit sex than forbid it? He replied All Western Catholics have been obliged to admit their sexuality, their sins against the flesh and all their sins in this area, committed in thought or indeed, one can hardly say that the discourse on sexuality has been simply prohibited or repressed I think that once again we are confronted by a phenomenon of exclusive valorisation of a theme: power must be repressive; since power is bad, it can only be negative, etc. In these circumstances, to speak of ones sexuality would necessarily be liberation. However, it seemed to me, that it was much more complicated than that19 The idea of repressed sex isnt therefore, just a theoretical matter. To say that sex is not repressed, or the relations between sex and power isnt categorised by repression, is a platform for a well-accepted argument. Power lays down the laws by which sex functions and by which its workings are to be interpreted. It operates on the individual subject and his sex through his very acquisition of language; language is the means by which the individual is initiated into society; as he acquires it he encounters the law. The law tells him what he desires by forbidding it. The pure form of power is that of the legislator; its relation to sex is of a juridical-discursive type. Power operates on sex in the same way at all levels.20 Of course Foucaults concept of power knowledge reminds us of Bacons assertion that Knowledge is Power. Though Foucault distances himself from this association. Power Knowledge is a mechanism that is concerned with the gathering and collation of information about an individual. He argues that there is a relationship between power and knowledge but that they were not the same. The power of the government etc. A governing body who dictates the state of our lives by only allowing certain housing, funds and living for certain classes. Foucault stresses in many statements that power and knowledge go hand in hand. Going over the struggles of exercising power, the question is clear that looking at the knowledge part of it, would they not have to have the knowledge to gain the power?21 Foucault was asked in an interview by Bernard-Henri Levy. Should we now think that power must be viewed as a form of war? One thing seems certain to me: it is that the moment we have, for analysing the relations of power, only two models a) the one proposed by law (power as law, interdiction and institutions) and b) the military or strategic model in terms of power relations.22 In an interview with Bernard Henri Levy, Foucault states that he is certain of one thing: For the moment we have, for analyzing the relations of power, only two models: a) the one proposed by law (power as law, interdiction, institutions) and b) the military or strategic model in terms of power relations. The first one has been much used and its inadequacy has, I believe, been demonstrated: we know very well that law does not describe power. The other model is also much discussed, I know. But we stop with words; we use ready-made ideas or metaphors the war of all against all, the struggle for life or again formal schemata.23 In his claims that power is everywhere, Foucault also claims that spatial relations play an essential role in the exercise of power. In an interview conducted by Paul Rabinow, Foucault was asked how the technology of power opposed to discipline; did space play a central role? Space is a fundamental in any form of communal life; space is fundamental in any exercise of power. To make a parenthical remark, I recall having been invited, in 1966, by a group of architect to do a study of space, of something that I called at that time heterotopias, those singular spaces to be found in some given social spaces whose functions are different or even the opposite of others. The architects worked on this, and at the end of the study someone spoke up-a Sartrean psychologist- who firebombed me saying that space is reactionary and capitalist, but history and becoming are revolutionary.24 The question that followed asked if Foucaults concerns were more on space than architecture, and that the physical walls were only one aspect of the institute. He was then asked to explain the difference between the architecture and space? To which he replied that architecture was an element of space that performed the functions of allocation and canalization.

Generations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Generations - Essay Example Growing up in this present era is undoubtedly a challenge for me and my colleagues. As we are embittered by our own disappointments and struggles, we are also being plagued by the challenges presented by our immediate environment. In the political aspect, we become a part of the rapidly integrating political systems due to the pressures of globalization. As nations realize the gains earned from opening up their economies to trade and investment, countries delimited by geographical boundaries are fast developing into a single global village. This is further aided by rapid technological advancement brought about by the popularity of virtual reality and internet technology. These further eliminate borders among political entities and promote the integration of nations. The formation of free trade zones and blocs often posts challenges in life of a youth like me. The easy access to other nations exposes everyone to the threats of terrorism. The 9-11 attack serves as a grim reminder of how these political issues shatter the dreams of some youth like me to live in security. It has been a challenge for us youths to be vigilant and be involved in political issues. It opened my eyes to my role in safeguarding this nation by helping in the thrust against terrorism.

Employee Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Employee Benefits - Essay Example An employee has the right to claim or file a court order upon denial of the enjoyment of such benefits (United States and United States, 2004). Many employees fail to understand whether their employee benefits package gives them the payback, they deserve in an increased employee appreciation and satisfaction. They may only understand and appreciate only a part of the employer’s cost of the benefits they receive. Employees should understand and claim for such benefits including: Health care benefits; All employees are entitled to health and care benefits. Organizations are called upon to initiate some wellness related programs that cover the health care of the employees. Employers should provide a safe working environment. Employees who have a full access to their benefits significantly play a great role towards the development of the organization. These may act motivating factors for employees who in turn work to achieve great success of the organization. Some successful organizations like the World Bank are found to have been in first place in administering services that offered the employee benefits. World Bank offer much employee benefits facilitated through such programs like the Medical Insurance Program, which is a comprehensive insurance policy run by the World Bank Group for the locally or internationally recruited employees (United States and United States, 2004).These among other benefits are vital in the sustenance of the employee and the company. The modern approach to employee benefit and compensation plans rewards and helps in the recognition of the best employees in an organization. Effective employee benefits plans raise and improve productivity and increase employee retention. Genera lly, the employee benefits plan has a positive impact on the organization’s bottom line. They should be offered as a right and benefit to both the

Employee Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Training and Development - Essay Example The abstract is essentially a one-page summary of the entire dissertation incorporating the research problem, key findings and concepts, and main conclusion and recommendations. Human resource is often one of the major contributors in an organization's costs. Hence, it is imperative that these costs result to the creation of value to the firm at all times. It is therefore necessary that a company's human resources are properly equipped with the skills and knowledge to function as they are supposed to in attaining the organizational goals and objectives. Human resource training and development, therefore, is a continuous process and can be a source of an organization's competitive advantage. This importance of human resource training and development is the one of the main reasons why the researcher choose the topic. Moreover, as an aspiring human resource manager, the researcher believes that the knowledge to be learned during the research process will be invaluable to her career in human resource management. Furthermore, given the increasing diversity of the workforce, designing an effective but efficient human resource training and development process has become a key success factor. Interestingly, a human resource manager nowadays has to be adept in changing expectations from one context to another, from one location to another, from one country to another. This is due to the proliferation of multinational corporations and expatriate managers who are tasked to manage human resources from differing cultural background and work behaviors. Moreover, the global manager must also navigate the tricky relationship of culture, work place behavior and compensation preferences between these cultural contexts. By definition human resource training is a systematic activity in the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies needed to perform a job according to standards. On the other hand, human resource development is the process of changing an organization's workforce in order to achieve, maintain and enhance competitive advantage. According to Church, Margiloff and Corruzzi (1995) "[regardless] of [the] changes in an organization's environment, mission or structure, employee satisfaction and quality of [work life] remain significant concerns for most organizational change and development efforts" (p. 3). This means that these other factors have to be considered no matter what into human resource training and development. Lastly, the importance of human resource training and development has become undeniable that David Pollitt (2007) observe that employees now do recognize that the learning, training and development strategies of an organization is key to its success (p. 130). Problem Statement Human resource training and development is a costly activity. Hence, its results as regards the company's bottom line, specifically its productivity, must be worth the expense. Hence,

Organic Synthesis of Polymers | Essay

Organic Synthesis of Polymers | Essay Polymeric reagents offer a variety of unique benefits. Intra-molecular reactions, such as the cyclization of peptides or Dieckmann cyclizations, can be applied by attaching the reactive molecules at distant points along a polymer chain. In contrast, if the reactive molecules are secured in close approprinquity on a polymeric support then intermolecular reactions take place as illustrated for a ketone synthesis. Besides such proximity effects, mutual effects can also be oppressed, e.g. in the accumulation of a 2:1 complex of a crown ether and an alkali metal ion. The hydrolysis of an ester with polyvinylimidazole gives a wide demonstration of hydrophobic intercommunications. The simple dialysis of polymer-bound and low-molecular compounds by filtration is another significant benefit. The use of suitable additions of polymer-supported reagents, catalysts and/or scavengers is a powerful method, both for the synthesis of single organic compounds and for parallel synthesis. A further step of development is the use of such reactants in flow systems. So far, it has been shown that a range of flow formats bear excellent chemical yields and, where relevant, excellent enantio-meric molecules. The base has a longer lifetime than in batch systems. ‘Flow cascades’ promise to be considerable in future. Studies on the relevency of conventional liquid-state NMR spectroscopy for the examination of solid-phase organic reactions straightly on the resin will be described. For a systematic clarification small and easily assignable molecules substituted with a chain of different lengths were symphonized. In a continues step, these so-called sensor molecules were attached with commercially available resins. 2nd lot Polymer-supported synthesis (PSS) process involves the momentary coupling of synthesis substrates to a polymer carrier and thus curtails product purification and isolation to simple filtration and washing exercises. Since the polymers used in PSS are commonly not functionalized and inert to the many reaction conditions used in organic synthesis, a willingly cleavable linker intrinsic is used to attach the synthesis substrate to the polymer. Few of these linker groups are correlative of common preserving groups that are used in flight-step solution-phase syntheses .As are the superiority of such standard preserving groups, most linker groups used in Polymer-supported synthesis are a chiral. Nonetheless, chiral molecules have also been investigated as linker groups in such a way that they act as chiral auxiliaries in unbalanced Polymer-supported synthesis. This summarizes the information describing use of such chiral linkers and other chiral auxiliaries in PSS. The paradigm presented herein are correlated according to the functional group of the auxiliary that is used to hitch up the synthesis substrate. After all the inception of the Merrifield method for peptide synthesis, impenetrable polymer supports have been assimilated into various synthetic methodologies to easy product purification. Despite highly acknowledged, solid-phase synthesis still illustrates various weakness due to the nature of heterogeneous molecules reaction conditions. Non-linear kinetic behavior, uneven distribution and/or ingress to the chemical reaction, solvation problems, and pure synthetic problems concorded with solid-phase synthesis have led many labs to move towards alternative methods to restore uniform reaction conditions. By replacing insoluble cross-linked resins with soluble polymer supports the same reaction conditions of classical organic chemistry are reinstated, and yet product purification is still expedited through the usage of macro-molecular properties. This methodology, termed liquid-phase synthesis, in essence avoids the hurdles of solid-phase synthesis while conserving its positive aspec ts. The term â€Å"liquid-phase† synthesis was earlier used to highlight the heterogeneity between solid-phase peptide synthesis and a method of synthesis on soluble polyethylene glycol. 3rd lot CONCLUSION Thereafter some primary blooming reports, the use of polymer backed chiral auxiliaries was a comparatively latent area of research. Although, along with the latest rejuvenation of interest in polymer-supported organic synthesis. In general, the usage of auxiliaries in such synthesis has now increased over the past few years. Already, the clogging of a broad range of auxiliaries onto polymer supports has been proclaimed. In such instances, the auxiliary is used both to urge imbalance into the reaction, and also to correlate the synthesis substrate to the polymer carrier. Usually, when comparisons have been made, the output of the polymer supported reactions speculum those of the comparable solution-phase experiments. In a few examined aspects, the polymer- supported auxiliaries really incured more enantio-selectivity than their soluble supplements. Many of the illustrations represented here used commercially available polystyrene resins as the polymer supported. Given the current and ongoing explore into the growth of innovative polymers that provide enhanced physical and chemical properties, it can be anticipated that polymer-supported auxiliaries will turn into eternally more useful in asymmetric synthesis. For instance, polystyrene resins that contain cross-linkers or polar grafts have been proclaimed that widen the variety of solvents with which they are well-matched. Further, in addition to polystyrene polymers, polyethers, polyamines, and polysaccharides have all been recently inspected as supports that may possibly have advantageous properties. Consequently, as the polymer chains are superior and develop into additional companionable with the essential solvents, they possibly will present healthier deliverance of the synchronization complexes and/or alteration states requisite for elevated enantio-selectivity and thus escort to reactions with augmented selectivity. Liquid-phase methodologies offer unconventional strategies for compound synthesis by incorporating the constructive aspects of both conventional and solid-phase chemistry. Enabling homogeneous reaction circumstances and simplifying separation of product, liquid phase synthesis has established efficacy for peptide, oligonucleotide, oligosaccharide, and shows assurity for the usage in tiny molecule synthesis. Research in combinatorial chemistry has brought to the introduction of LPCS in regulate to abridge and speed the synthesis and broadcasting of small molecule libraries for drug lead invention. Undoubtedly supplementary applications will be revealed for liquid-phase methodologies. In addition, the current two-dimensional structure might be tuned for specific properties (and applications). This is a key prospect that coherent synthesis offers over pyrolytic approaches. For example, each one repeated unit carries a benzotriate cap that can be detached by ester hydrolysis to give a two-dimensional polymer with accurate, undersized pores that could be valuable for discerning enclosure or filtration of diminutive molecules. The hydroxyl groups of the decapped two-dimensional polymer can also be used as specifically spaced anchors to affix chemical entities of various sorts. 4th lot ROLE OF CHLORAMINE-T AND BROMAMINE-T AS SYNTHETIC REAGENTS The chlorine compound, chloramine-T (CAT), a by-product in saccharin synthesis, is well-known as an analytical reagent and the mechanistic aspects of its reactions have been acknowledged by Campbell and Johnson. The well-known members of this category of compounds are chloramine-T, chloramine-B and the equivalent bromine analogues broniamine-T. bromamine-B. From the time when these oxidants respond with a wide range of functional groups, they are used as reagents for logical and kinetic investigations. Chalcones are those substances found in a numeral of plants or unnaturally prepared. They exhibit various biological actions viz., antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, ant mitotic, antitumor, cytotoxicity, analgesic and antipyretic properties. They furthermore act as impending anti-ulcer, antifungal, anticancer and antimalerial agents. A variety of oxidants have been used for the corrosion of chalcones. Polymer-supported metal complexes have originated an imperative position in synthetic organic chemistry showing well predictable benefits over the homogeneous systems. This type of anchored catalysts have been deliberated by numerous researchers to contrast the performance of transition metal catalysts in harmonized and assorted states, due to superior catalytic activity showed by these anchored catalysts under a little reaction parameters. Some information have been available from our group on the restriction of different metal complexes on organic polymer with their applications as catalysts. Aziridines, belonging to the nominal group of hetero-cycles, is an imperative category of compounds and is used as intermediates for functional group modifications. Synthesis of aziridines is consequently a matter of greatly explore ended the preceding few years. The most atom applicable method of synthesis of aziridines lies in the direct aziridination of olefins with appropriate nitrenes. Bromamine-T, 1 (TsN-NaBr) can be used as a advanced resource of nitrogen in the copper catalyzed aziridination of various olefins. 5th lot REACTIVITY OF N-BROMO RESINS WITH DIFFERENTLY SUBSTITUTED A-PHENYL ETHANOLS Use of polymer-supported reagents in organic synthesis has increased over the past few years due to its well-situated controlling and easy methods. The significance of these reagents is mostly felt in the new method of combinatorial synthesis, where high output stage phase synthesis is deliberated with polymer supported reagents. The current revision illustrates the steadiness of the latest polymer backed bromine chloride resin and the formerly reported perbromide resin to microwave irradiation conditions. A simplistic regio and chemo selective bromo-methoxylation of a variety of alkenes exploiting the above reagents is proclaimed, including illustration from natural sources. The first usage of polymers in organic synthesis was prepared by Merrifield when he brought his solid phase technique for the amalgamation of peptides. Since then, functionalized polymers have been used in organic synthesis. They have been acted as catalysts and reagents in various types of organic reactions. Various characteristics of polymeric reagents such as: ease of separation, regioselectivity and salvageability to make them distinctive and useful in chemical observence. A huge assortment of polymer supported reagents have been used in organic reactions, e.g., halogenations, condensation, oxidation, reduction. One of the important and exceedingly relevant categories of polymer supported reagents is polymeric oxidizing agents which have been used in abundant organic synthesis. A number of specific features of N-halo reagents such as participation of the N-X bond and different modes of its splitting, decide their broad collection of applications in organic synthesis. Depending on the condition, a numeral of exceedingly imprudent intermediates can be obtained, e.g., halogen radicals, halogen cations, halogen anions, N-radicals, N-cations, and N-anions. For instance, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is a general reagent used in organic chemical reactions and promotes incredibly necessary reactions, such as halogenations, solvolytic halogenation, imidation, oxidation, as glowing as other processes consequential in formation of compounds with C-X, C-O, C=O, S-X, P-X, C-N, P-N bonds, etc. The current applications of NBS as catalyst, oxidant, selective brominating reagent, and initiator in the polymerization reactions have been reviewed recently. Synthesis and applications of many polymeric species of N-halo compounds have been investigated, i.e., poly(pN-chlorostyrenesulphonamide), N-chloronylones, and poly(N-bromoacrylamide). However, there are a few reports on polymers or copolymers containing N-halosuccinimide. Yaroslavsky et al. introduced the synthesis of N-chloro and N- bromopolymaleimide and used as halogenating agents. Polymers and copolymers containing bromosuccinimde moiety have been used for oxidation of acetals. Various researches indicate that poly (N-bromomaleimide) has not been systematically investigated as a polymeric oxidizing reagent in the pasture of organic synthesis. In this revision, we wish to testimony the synthesis of poly(N-bromomaleimide) with diverse cross linking densities and their applications in assorted oxidation reactions such as: oxidation of alcohols to their equivalent carbonyl compounds, synthesis of ketophosphonates from their hydroxyphosphonates, oxidative conversion of sulphide to sulphoxide, oxidative coupling of thiols, and oxidative deprotection of oximes to carbonyl compounds. Towering steadiness of this polymeric reagent compared to its low molecular weight counterparts, trouble-free work up measures of the reactions, and its rejuvenation and salvage formulate it beneficial over comparable N-halo reagents. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the current study are as follows: To study the organic synthesis of polymers. To study the solid-phase polymeric analogues of Chloramine T and Bromamine – T. To investigate the thermal stability of polymeric Bromamine – T.

Lyndon Johnson and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution Essay -- History Histori

Lyndon Johnson and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution The official rhetoric of Lyndon Johnson’s administration portrayed the Gulf of Tonkin incident as an unprovoked and malicious attack on U.S. ships by the armed forces of North Vietnam, as a result of which the President needed the power to deal militarily with the North Vietnamese. The Gulf of Tonkin incident explicitly encompasses military actions on August 2, and alleged actions on August 4, 1964, between North Vietnamese torpedo patrol boats and United States destroyers and aircraft off the coast of North Vietnam. President Johnson and many top administration officials declared that the United States was innocent of any aggressive offensive maneuvers against the North Vietnamese, and that the attack on two U.S. destroyers was an unexpected slap in the face. In reality, however, the opposite of the administration’s claims was true. Through a period of years, and especially throughout the nine months prior to the incident in the Gulf of Tonkin, there was thick and constant U.S. involvement with the South Vietnamese, who conducted many joint offensive operations against North Vietnam. This paper will show just how intensely the United States was involved in covert military action against North Vietnam in the ninemonth period (Lyndon Johnson’s first nine months as President) leading up to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. Further, it will demonstrate that the second alleged attack (August 4) by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin never occurred, but was fictionalized by the Johnson administration in order to ask Congress to give the President the authority to conduct overt military operations against North Vietnam. The idea for the Tonkin Gulf Resoluti... ...Secret Side of the Tonkin Gulf Incident, â€Å"Naval History, August 1999,† Annapolis MD: U.S. Naval Institute, 2002, (5 December 2002). 8 The Secret Side of the Tonkin Gulf Incident. 9 Gibbons, U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, 2. 10 Ibid., 3. 11 Ibid., 5, 6. 12 Ibid., 5. 13 National Security Action Memorandum No. 280, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum-National Archives and Records Administration, (5 December 2002). 14 Ibid. 15 Gibbons, U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, 6. 16 Ibid., 6. 17 Ibid., 6. Emphasis mine. 18 George C. Herring, The Pentagon Papers-Abridged Edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993), 94. 19 Gibbons, U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, 2.

Gourmet Foods Essay

Introduction: Gourmet bakers and sweets is the top food retail chain of Lahore. Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan fabled for its customer aliment and amorousness for eating. Gourmet is the number one brand in the market of bakers and sweets due to its quality and valuable services. Before 1984, Mr. Nawaz Chattha was the employee of the Shezan bakers at the post of manager. While he was doing his job, he decided to start his own business separately because he was proficient dealer, a technical supporter and maintained check and balance in every branch. Mr. Nawaz Chattha started his business from one out let in Muslim Town with bakers in 1987. After seeing the profitable result he decided to introduce new product like sweets, milk, and ice-cream and gourmet cola. In continuous success of gourmet in providing quality service and products for the health and happiness of all family, Gourmet also started a family restaurant. Since the emergence of Gourmet bakers, it has shown explosive annual growth of more than 25% in its business. It has 1700 employees working in its all departments. It has around 95 branches and will enhance its coverage to One hundred branches making it The Largest Bakers and Confectionaries of the city as well as the country. Company Name- Gourmet Bakers & Sweets (PVT) limited. Gourmet is a private limited liability company and the information regarding its share is as follows: Registered office address: 9/D Faisal Town Lahore. Authorized Capital: 20,000,000. Paid up Capital: 50,000. CEO name: Ch. Muhammad Nawaz Chattha. CEO Address: 9/D Faisal Town Lahore. Incorporation Date: January 9, 1996. Authorized Capital Share: 200,000. Paid up Share Capital: 500 Authorized PER Value: 100 Paid up PER Value: 100 Vision: â€Å"We are a bakery company with one goal in mind to meet the needs of our customers we focus on our customers as our clients.† Mission Statement: â€Å"To provide delicious, wholesome baked foods without sacrificing health and well-being.† Company Objectives: Objectives are the guidelines which direct toward the chosen destiny. The objectives of the Gourmet are marketing objectives which are as under: 1. To build profitable customer relationship by delivering superior value. 2. To provide such products those can increase targeted markets. 3. To become a leader in the bakery and confectionary industry. 4. To provide the quality products to the target market. GOURMET Logo: Organization Structure of Gourmet: Business Portfolio of Gourmet: Portfolio Analysis (B.C.G. Matrix): Star: Gourmet bread and other bakery Pro ducts come under star as they have a high relative market share and high growth rate. They are in maturity stage of its product life cycle. Cash Cow: Gourmet Cola, Gourmet Water and Dairy Products are Cash cow products for Gourmet as they have a low market Growth rate and a high relative market share. Question Mark: Gourmet new products like Dry Milk and the same for Tea as well come under Question mark. Or any other new product that Gourmet offers or is planning to offer will come in question mark category. Dogs: Gourmet Roll and Samosa Patti have a low market Growth rate and a low relative market share therefore, these products come under Dogs and therefore Gourmet has discontinued the production of these products. Marketing Planning: Gourmet follows the company strategies which are inline with the company’s goals and recommendations. It position it self as a leader in bakery products in Lahore. Before making any plan it considers its impact on its current customers, environment and competitors’ response. It also considers current threats with in the market like loosing market sale, brand image etc before making any plans. Gourmet focuses on all the available opportunities in market related to its business like launch on gourmet cola, milk ice-cream. Once it decides its main objectives and issues then it steps forwards to the action plan which consists of detailed schedule of the entire task and their budgets. Once Gourmet finalizes its plan it implements its plan and keeps on checking its performance to control its out come. Marketing implementation: After having a detailed discussion and planning gourmet comes towards the implementation phase of their marketing strategies. In implementation the company’s formal organizational structure plays and important role. Managers not only focus on short term profits but they also consider long run market building objectives. On the other hand company also considers its culture in implementing a plan. Marketing Control: Gourmet focuses on two types of marketing controls operational and Strategic. In operational controls it checks that all the operations are in line with the current marketing strategies. Where as strategic controls focuses on long run and check the long run performance of the company. It also have an internal audit department which keeps a strict checks not only on its financial performance but also on its procedures and controls which effect in every day performance. The Marketing Environment: The Company’s Macro Environment: P.E.S.T. Analysis Political – meeting all the policies and working under the political stabilities Economical – focusing the income levels of targeted customers Social – the social class we have targeted are: Technological– accepting and using the innovations in technology for production Demography – gourmet deals with a variety of demography. It caters all kind of age groups starting from children to adults. Culture – Gourmet keeps it self in line with the local culture of Lahore. It provides different products according to local festivals events and Religious days. Lower medium Middle medium Upper medium Lower upper Upper upper The Company’s Micro Environment: Market Intermediaries Gourmet does not have any major market intermediaries as it produces and sale it products it self. It does contact market intermediaries for supply of raw materials, and products like Coca cola, Jams, Ketchup, and Juices etc. Competitors If you look at Gourmet Foods, it is a clear market leader but still Gourmet has competitors. Nirala and Shezan bakers are the competitors of Gourmet as these are the only few stores who are catering the same market as gourmet is going. They also have well established brand name and image. They are fully equipped with latest technology and manufacturing plants, but these competitors are only targeting small segments of the market. They are not upgrading themselves that is why in the race of capturing market they are staying behind the market leader â€Å"Gourmet†. Suppliers Local dairy Farms. Whole sellers. Market intermediaries. Customers Customers of Gourmet are End user of the product mostly. They buy to consume the final products and services. Customer Relationship Management The Product/Market Expansion Grid: Marketing Objectives: Goals and targets have to be monitored and met, competitor strategies analyzed, anticipated and exceeded. Through effective use of market and marketing research an organization should be able to identify the needs and wants of the customer and try to delivers benefits that will enhance or add to the customers’ lifestyle. Marketing Strategies: Gourmet bakers adopted customer’s oriented marketing strategies to attract customers as much as it can. Gourmet bakers follow differentiation strategy such as strategy emphasizes the product that is unique in the industry provides distinct advantages to the bakers. One of the prominent marketing strategy of gourmet bakers is focusing on special classes of customers like gourmet bakers is focusing on upper class, middle class as well as the lower class. Marketing Channels and Supply Chain Management: The gourmet sell there goods directly to the final user. Gourmet channel decisions directly effect other marketing decisions. Due to using on marketing channels it reduces the cost. Gourmet sales force and communication decisions depend upon how much persuasion, training, motivation and support its channel partner needs. Monopolistic Competition: Gourmet faces Monopolistic Competition in the market. There are many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than single market price. Every Seller tries to differentiate its product to gain competitive advantage and to justify its price difference. Budgeting: Budgeting plays an important role in any plan. If a plan is not financially feasible there is no benefit to be gained from all other procedures. In Budgeting process Gourmet spends 40% of its target budget on the refurbishing of the bakery. 55% of the budget is allocated in the manufacturing of its products. 5 % of the budget is allocated to promotional activities. Gourmet focuses on an affordable budgeting method. Control: Controls are very crucial for the success of any project. Gourmet implements high quality controls through its total quality management department. Gourmet uses team based approach for new projects by using these approach tighter controls will be implemented and performance can be monitored on every step. Critical Issues: Political instability and economic conditions of the country are immensely affecting the business sector in the country. Threat of Bomb attacks in any crowded place due to Terrorism also imposes an effect which leads to decreasing sales of the business as people now think before coming out of their homes. Furthermore, terrorist activities are weakening the Pakistan economy day by day. Such kind of issues may impose a bad effect on the Gourmet business in the future Recommendations: Gourmet must use new technology like Information system to centralize its Database as its service and data requirement will greatly enhance it will need processes like Data ware housing and data mining. It can also improve its security measures by implementing security cameras Up to date scanners radio frequency bar code readers (RFID’s) will improve its departmental services efficiently and effectively. Gourmet should also work for enhancing the parking area. Gourmet should also do work for innovation in products and for the atmosphere of its stores. Gourmet Bakers have their branches only in Lahore which is the drawback of their marketing strategies. The company should also open its outlets in other major cities and spend capital on advertising the company in those cities. The company is not planning for the loyalty of its customers. They should give discounts to its regular customers in this way the customer sincerity with the company will grow. Gourmet has not advertised themselves through media; they should have adopted some other sources of advertisement such as banners, newspapers, TV channels to cater the market. Recently it has started its promotion on â€Å"City 42†.

A Case Study on Branding Bangladesh

[pic] DEPARTMENT of MARKETING COURSE NAME: Product and Brand Management. An assignment on- Country Branding: A Case Study on Branding Bangladesh. Submitted To: Shaikh Rafiqul Islam Associate Professor, Department of Marketing. Submitted By: Revolution 8th Semester, Session: 2008-09. Date of Submission: 10/12/2012. [pic] REVOLUTION 3rd Batch Session: 2008-09 |Serial: |Name of Students : |Roll No: | |01. |Farjana Nur Purabi |091648 | |02. Anik Kumar Devnath |091654 | |03. |Sheikh Sazzadur Rahman |091664 | |04. |Md. Ashiqur Rahman Rana Biswas |091695 | |05. |Rumana Jahan |091743 | |06. |Md. Masudur Rahman |091750 | |07. |Md. Rabiul Islam |091758 | |08. Md. Mushfiqur Rahman |091759 | |09. |Mohammad Ullah |07882876 | December 10, 2012. Shaikh Rafiqul Islam. Associate Professor. Department of Marketing . Jagannath University. Dhaka-1100. Dear Sir, Here is the assignment you allocated us to prepare on â€Å"Branding Bangladesh†. After researching and studying the current situation of the country based on collected data we have been able to prepare the assignment.All of the major points and insights information associated with the given issue are included here. Besides, we have attempted to include some of our personal assumption, practical experience and idea to make the assignment more fruitful. Thanking you for giving the break accomplishing such an interesting educative task. Hope to hear from you soon. Sincerely, Group :- Revolution. 8th Semester. 3rd Batch. Session :- 2008-2009 Title Page Country Branding: A Case Study on Branding Bangladesh Tourism Export Brands Culture and Heritage pic][pic] People Investment Foreign and domestic policies [pic] [pic] [pic] Country branding is different in branding from a product. In developing the strategy, it would involve many intricacies and can be a long drawn out process. Branding Bangladesh is all about positioning Bangladesh in the minds of people. Branding Bangladesh is an important concept because it will help t he country to understand how publics perceive her across the nations.Those people are consumers, potential tourists, and, most importantly potential investors. In the growth process of Bangladesh they all are participating actively. An effective nation branding campaign accelerates the economic growth of Bangladesh and the citizens feel dignified. It must be remembered that there are around 195 nations in the world; all are aggressively competing for the attention of investors, tourists, and citizens. Therefore, a well-planned nation branding campaign is crucial for the branding of Bangladesh. Table of Contents TOPIC |PAGE | |PART: A (Introductory Part) | | |Preamble |7 | |Objectives |7 | |Methodology |8 | |Limitations |8 | |PART: B (Theoretical Framework/Literature Review) | | |Literature Review |9 | |PART: C | | |Brand Dimensions of Bangladesh |10 | |Strategies for Branding Bangladesh |12 | |Country and Corporate Brands Co-positioning |16 | |Findings at a glance |16 | |PART: D | | |Recommendations |17 | |Conclusion |17 | |References |18 | Creating a branding program for Bangladesh demands an integration policy that most countries do not possess. To boost our commercial success it is very important to take action regarding branding Bangladesh.Branding Bangladesh the government should always observe their global image in countries they aim to target and the stakeholder should collaborate together and agree on a national stratagem. If the stakeholders could unite as one, pin down the purpose and objectives, and fulfill the process, it would reflect the will of one nation. Maintaining continuously the reputation in every sector (Tourism, exports, culture, people, brands and policy) is important to accelerate the task of branding. This assignment aims at clarifying the concepts of branding Bangladesh and argues that for a developing country like Bangladesh, branding is a prerequisite for national development. The specific objectives of this paper are: Review the conceptual and theoretical foundation of nation branding by leading authors in the marketing field; ? Examining and defining Branding Bangladesh and discussing its challenges. ? Attaining insights into branding Bangladesh ? Being familiar on the subject matter for later investigation for branding Bangladesh. DATA COLLECTION: Considering the objectives of the assignment, time, types of respondents, we collected both Primary and Secondary data to find out the necessary information regarding the strategies of branding Bangladesh. The sources are mentioned here- PRIMARY DATA: ? Taking personal interview of concerning people of tourism board; ? Discussing with the concerning people of Brand Forum of Bangladesh.SECONDARY DATA: ? Studying different articles and advertisements published in daily newspapers; ? Visiting different websites and journals. While preparing the assignment we faced some problems that were unavoidable and these limitations are mentioned below: ? This assignment was t otally an unfamiliar type of assignment to us; ? People of the authority were unwilling to provide full information about our given topic; ? The permitted survey time we have got was very limited; ? We did not get enough concern person to collect necessary information; ? Our communication was confined only to the Dhaka city. Bangladesh has always held great promise.It enjoyed widespread international public support during the war of liberation, not only because its struggle was identifiable, but also due to the fact that it aimed to establish a socio-economic equilibrium and an equitable society where each citizen would have the opportunity to flourish. Another interesting problem the nation faces is that when it is compared to other countries it is invariably compared to nations with drug, mafia, and terrorist problems. While it is true that Bangladesh a huge population, with high unemployment rates, and increasing price inflation, often comparing it to failed or a semi-failed stat es does not do it justice. The weak status continued till the nineties. Then even Transparency International started ranking us as one of the most corrupt countries in the world. However, the nation's image started improving post-2000 as did its performance indicators.The major indicators for socio-economic growth include: improvement in health status, increasing literacy, progress in gender balance, enhancement of employment opportunities, building transport and communications facilities, huge increases in media reach amongst rural and urban people, booming ITC businesses, a rise in remittance and agricultural, industrial, and ready-made garments (RMG) booms. In 2006, our global image increased exponentially with Prof. Yunus and Grameen Bank winning the Nobel Peace Prize. That put Bangladesh in a strong position, globally and we cannot let that slip. Therefore, it has become imperative to develop a nation branding campaign to keep us in the global limelight for the right reasons.Wh ile branding Bangladesh, the brand strategists must consider two key basic objectives: Firstly, it is crucial to instill pride in Bangladeshis and to persuade our people to be positive and feel dignified about themselves and for their country. The success of the nation branding program strongly depends on their active participation, ownership, and support. They should be proud of their country, culture, and heritage. Secondly, the government should come up with an aggressive but distinct nation branding campaign immediately, it is essential for our progress. Countries like India, Thailand, China, Malaysia, etc started similar branding journeys more than a decade ago and should not lag too far behind.We need a forceful branding campaign for our country so that we can emerge as an Asian Tiger by 2021; which will also mark the 50th year of our independence. Dr. Khalid Hasan  is Managing Director, Nielsen Bangladesh and Treasurer AmCham Bangladesh. Acknowledgement: AmCham Bangladesh. Brand Dimensions of Bangladesh Anholt is recognized for Anholt-GfK Nation Brand Index (NBI), and it is based on the same six categories to measure the global perception of a country. The brand of a country is judged based of the six dimensions. In case of branding Bangladesh we might focus on these dimensions and create brand image for Bangladesh. Fig: The Six Dimensions of a national branding Dimension 1: TourismTourism is one of the most visible aspects of a country brand because it receives considerable financial support from governments, and is therefore the main marketing tool at the national level. It is a major economic driver through employment, international visitor expenditures, investments, and regional development. Bangladesh Tourism Board has adopted different policies and strategies to promote and champion Bangladesh. It includes brand taglines like â€Å"Beautiful Bangladesh. † Dimension 2: Export brands There is a constant struggle to increase share of exports within the global market. In order to attain this purpose, the quality of exported products or services has to be superior to that of competitors. Export brands represent an important mark for Bangladesh.An increase in exports can raise the self-esteem of a country, which in turn boosts self-confidence and further success. Ten years ago, as a country Bangladesh was little known across the Globe. Today, most of the countries label as the country of high quality garments product and this is mainly due to the performance of our garments industry. Dimension 3: Investments All countries, be they developing or developed, are now striving for an investment-friendly image. Country brand, and everything that it stands for, has a lot to say when it comes to attracting foreign direct investments. In case of Bangladesh it is very good for us that a large number of investors are coming in different sectors.Dimension 4: Foreign and domestic policies. Nations are also judged in accordance with th e foreign and domestic policies that their leaders initiate. Foreign and domestic policies must be coordinated so that they would invigorate the national brand. As a country we have to increase the ability to meet the residents’ needs for health, education, human rights, political participation more effectively. Dimension 5: People It is worth mentioning that the branding of a country must start from inside because a country’s brand is most frequently promoted by its people. In 2006, our global image increased exponentially with Prof. Yunus and Grameen Bank winning the Nobel Peace Prize.That put Bangladesh in a strong position, globally and we cannot let that slip. Beside, Sakib-al-hasan, a Bangladeshi cricketer also increases the brand image of our country holding number one position in ICC Cricket ranking. Joining the mission of UN, Bangladesh Army has created a new dimension for Bangladesh and it is obviously a good sign for our country Dimension 6: Culture and Heri tage Last but not least, one should not overlook the cultural dimension of a country brand. Culture penetrates all areas of life, including all scientific endeavors. For this reason, culture has turned into the ultimate reference point, a conventionally accepted solution to all problematic questions.Strategies for branding Bangladesh We should take on a more conscious effort in branding country because country images draw out identifications, affect evaluations and purchase decisions. Additionally, countries compete for tourists, foreign investments and talented people. Let us look at this figure- Setting objectives: Branding Bangladesh we have to set clear and distinctive objectives that will help us to accomplish the different task most effectively. Different objectives might be: ? To be a Middle Income Country (MIC) ? 30th largest economy ? Per capita us dollar 6000 ? Economic goal †¢ Agro and labor intensive industry †¢ GDP growth to 10% †¢ Environmental protectio n Transportation and ship building hub. Performing SWOT analysis: Performing a SWOT analysis for nations is an idea that has been promoted by many others. In his book The Marketing of Nations, Philip Kotler (1997) confirmed the idea that each nation must assess its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) periodically in its five areas of capability: †¢ Government leadership; †¢ Factor endowments; †¢ Industrial organization; †¢ Social cohesion; †¢ Culture, attitudes and values. Based on the guidelines we might perform an effective SWOT analysis that will help to figure out our own most effectively and define the country’s objectives. S- Strength |W- Weakness | | | | |Potential Growth economics, |Lack of Coordination among different groups, | |Successfully meeting the millennium development goal. |Lack of coordination between corporate and country co branding, | | |Insufficient budget. | | | | | | |O- Opportunity |T- Threat | | | | |Posi tive sovereign credit achieved, |Corruption, | |Making agreement with different countries. |Political instability. | | | | Choosing a Specific direction for distinctive branding For distinctive branding we might choose a specific direction from industries, personalities, natural landmarks or historical events.This process will help create brand image more effectively. Expanding upon an Umbrella concept: Expanding upon an umbrella concept will help to cover separate branding activities with consistency. Different branding activities will be coordinated through an umbrella concept. Consulting with opinion leaders to look at national strengths and weaknesses and compare those with the research we might do create this concept. Allocating adequate funds to finance each branding activities: To create a successful brand image and create a greater impact regarding brand adequate fund is necessary and concerning people should handle the matter with kin interest Creating Export Control:Creati ng export controls to ensure exported products are trustworthy and meeting the affirmed performance is necessary for branding Bangladesh. We have good will in foreign market in case of exporting garments products but sometimes it has been seen that due to some reasons our country is branded negatively and to avoid this we need to control export market. Maintaining balance between promise and performance: We will have to be very careful to maintain balance between the promise and performance. Sometimes it has been seen that we can’t afford quality service for the promising things e. g sometimes foreigners come to our country to enjoy heritage sides but due to transportation facility and accommodation facility they don’t get expected performance.This point is the main thing to create a positive brand image for Bangladesh. Performing Activities on a regular basis: Creating positive brand image different campaigns are needed. But we have to keep in mind that these campaign s should be taken consistently and thinking the vision and long run interest of the country. Creating strategy and Working out program to make the strategy tangible through improvement programs, campaigns are important to reinforce the past campaign. Making all the members interactive: Ensuring the cooperation and involvement of representatives of government, business, the arts, education and importantly the media we can make a fruitful effect for Bangladesh.In recent years the growth of Media sectors has constantly drawn our attention and the media might play a crucial role to brand Bangladesh. It is necessary to mobilize all those available forces of politicians, business people, artists, sportsmen and scientists to create a strategy for enhancing the image and reputation of Bangladesh on the international markets, i. e. for creating the national branding strategy. Country and Corporate Brands Co-positioning The concept of countries as brands has been increasingly recognized in th e post-modern global world. A strong country brand can provide corporate brands with a unique set of values, which supports their positioning on the international market.Simultaneously, once corporate brands achieve worldwide success, they contribute actively to developing new features of the country brand. A nation’s image can provide competitive advantage to its company/product/service brands. Until and unless Bangladesh has some international brands it will be very difficult to create good brand image for Bangladesh. Consider Finland, a country which was outside the global arena ten years ago, and therefore little known. Today, we label it as the country of high-tech mobile phone technology, and this is mainly due to Nokia’s performance. In Bangladeshi context there are some brands (Square, Walton etc) so the overnment should coordinate to development of the company and in the mean time these companies should take initiatives for the country branding Besides that we might consider the task of Prothom Alo and Airtel Company, who jointly arrange the design of the largest â€Å"Alpona† at Manik Mia Avenue and thus made a new dimension for themselves as well as create a good image for Bangladesh in the world. Findings at a glance: ? It is now more critical than ever to create a unique identity for destination because it is now more competitive for survival in the global market. ? Limited budget and little management control create obstacles on the way of creating good brand image for Bangladesh. Political pressures, External environment factors such as economic downturn, natural disasters and pandemics can affect the process of branding Bangladesh. ? A major challenge for Bangladesh is that when the tourists’ visit the destination and found the reality does not match the projected image from the pre-trip information gathered prior to trip, the gap will lead to disappointment and they will become brand terrorists. This would lead to l ow repeat visitation and damage the brand image indirectly. ? Local governors and mayors have different objectives to promote their own region and cities rather than the nation. ? Failure of government to control the flow of information through the Internet that shapes the national image. We need to conduct research among the people of Bangladesh, covering different segments, to understand their views and expectations. This will help in understanding the pulse of the nation and giving ownership to everyone, thus, satisfying different target audiences, different needs, and different institutions. The research should be conducted both internally (to understand the country's socio-economic situation) and externally (global research among the investors and tourists). The findings will help develop a strategic plan on the nation-branding campaign; ? Concerned groups should make regular promotional activities to brand this country; The tourism sector of should be taken under focus to incr ease international brand value of Bangladesh by capturing large number of tourists; ? Both the government firms and Multinational Firms need to make attention to increase the international brand value of Bangladesh; ? The key focus should be on the six dimensions which are mentioned earlier in the assignment to make our country value stronger. Country branding is not about constructing slogans. Country branding involves planned communication management and purposeful social engineering. Branding is no longer a choice but a necessity, and the branding is not a function to be performed solely by the state or individual corporations, but an integrative and concerted effort by all concerned stakeholders.If a country is effectively branded â€Å"soft power† can be engendered giving that country vast competitive advantage. However, only few developing countries have articulated and implemented a country branding strategy. The notion of an umbrella country brand inspiring, guiding a nd feeding commercial brands is a compelling one. Branding of developing countries could unleash a sustainable wealth creation behavior which will greatly help these poor countries break out of their poverty cycle. There is now an opportunity for developing countries to close this gap by turning their attention to employ professionalism in country branding. Books:- ? Kevin Lane Keller (2012-2013), Strategic Brand Management,3rd edition. Philip Kotler, Nation Branding 1997. Publications:- ? Mathias Akotia, CEO – Brand Ghana Office Accra, Ghana,† Country Branding: Promoting Investment, Tourism and Exports through Country Communication Management and Social Engineering†. ? Dr. Khalid Hasan, Managing Director, Nielsen Bangladesh and Treasurer AmCham Bangladesh. Acknowledgement: AmCham Bangladesh, â€Å"Nation Branding†. Websites:- ? http://www. bangladeshbrandforum. com ? http://www. thedailystar. net ? http://www. tourismboard. gov. bd ? http://www. interbrand . com ———THE END——— ———————– Letter of Transmittal :- Executive Summary PART: A Preamble ObjectivesMethodology Limitations PART: B Literature Review PART: C Findings Export Brands Tourism Country Brand Investment People Foreign and Domestic polices Culture and Heritage Setting Objectives Step-1 Performing SWOT Analysis Step-2 Expanding upon an Umbrella concept Step-4 Choosing a Specific direction for distinctive branding Step-3 Strategies of Branding Bangladesh Creating Export Control Step-5 Making all the members interactive Step-9 Allocating adequate funds to finance each branding activities Step-6 Maintaining balance between promise and performance Step-7 Performing Activities on a regular basis Step-8 PART: D Recommendation Conclusion References Read also: Padma Bridge